The content of this post is solely the responsibility of the author.  AT&T does not adopt or endorse any of the views, positions, or information provided by the author in this article. 

When strategizing a security approach for the coming year, many solutions will cross a CISO’s desk, all useful in covering some part of the network. Organizations must scrutinize every layer and each solution to make sure their security stack runs efficiently while still boasting a Defense-in-Depth approach. There cannot be an overload of alerts, the learning curve must be worth the cost, and all solutions must integrate with each other. Not surprisingly, the search can be tedious, complex, and confusing.

Broadly speaking, cybersecurity defends the network and the devices on that network. Both are key and must be protected. Endpoint security and response includes “not only the automated monitoring and detection of threats on the endpoint, but also a combination of autonomous and manual investigation, remediation, and response.” While not every tool will make the cut, here are seven reasons why Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) should not be ignored.

1. Cybercriminals aren’t ignoring endpoints. It’s not surprising that in a recent study, 76% of IT decision-makers reported their company use of endpoint devices has gone up. This can include workstations, servers, tablets, smartphones and a host of IoT devices like cameras, smart speakers, and lighting. However, it is equally unsurprising that bad actors have capitalized on this gain, and consequently, 79% of IT teams have seen a rise in endpoint-related security breaches.
2. The cyber talent crisis creates the need for autonomous response on the endpoint. With an increase of both endpoints and endpoint-related attacks, a proportional increase in endpoint security measures is needed; unfortunately, the ongoing cyber talent deficit hamstrings those efforts and makes whatever qualified cybersecurity experts are available difficult to attain for many small to medium-sized businesses. Endpoint security solutions use automatic investigation and monitoring techniques to spot threat 24/7/365 and often respond autonomously to mitigate them. This cuts back significantly on the work remaining for already-strapped security teams to do.
3. EDR offers cloud-based security for end-user devices. One of the primary security problems facing fast-expanding, digitally native, and mid-transition companies is how to secure both on-premises and cloud-based assets. Endpoints, while not in the cloud, connect to it and bad actors can use vulnerabilities in device software to pivot to the rest of your network. State of the industry endpoint security platforms can deploy patches and run reboots from the cloud and offer enterprise-wide centralized cloud management.
4. Remote device security trends downward as workers mix personal with professional. The rise of BYOD has been significant and ubiquitous in the wake of the remote-work migration, and a study by Gartner revealed that over 50% of workers used their own laptop or smartphone for work activity. Interestingly, a Ponemon study indicated that 67% of respondents reported that personal mobile devices have negatively impacted their company’s security posture, and 55% cite smartphones as the most vulnerable endpoint in their organization.
5. EDR secures email. As many as 91% of all breaches begin with a phishing email. Email servers are a widely exploited endpoint. Endpoint security solutions can clean email messages before they reach the network, isolate and investigate links, and alert users when sensitive data is about to leave the organization.
6. Firewalls are not foolproof. While having a firewall is a best practice, it only represents one part of a defense-in-depth approach. Firewalls are susceptible to misconfiguration, and their signature-based policies miss new exploits that recompile their code or use fileless malware. Additionally, freshly spun-up domains can cause many malicious sites to slip by undetected, and the popularity of this method is rendering firewalls even more ineffective. Not having an additional layer of defense directly on the endpoint device can be problematic as these trends continue.
7. EDR can proactively prevent zero days from entering your network. Macros used to be the loose cannon of inboxes, infecting the victim device directly upon opening. While Macros are largely disabled by default now, malicious code (largely HTML) still lurks in attached documents that only require a bit of social engineering to get the user to click. By sandboxing email attachments and vetting them for safety prior to opening, email security tools can prevent zero days from detonating on your network.

Remote work leaves endpoints more exposed than ever, vulnerable to human error and consumer-side attacks. Cybercriminals continue to target firmware, and the shortage of qualified cybersecurity professionals can leave various parts of the network at risk. Struggling SOCs can offload some of the burden of network monitoring as EDR solutions autonomously investigate and respond to incidents on the endpoint. Next-generation EDR tools can aid ongoing security measures by collecting data at the source.

Keeping EDR an integral part of a Zero Trust security strategy will be ever more imperative as time goes on and threats continue to evolve. Cybercriminals aren’t lessening their attention to the endpoint, so organizations shouldn’t either.

The post 7 reasons why Endpoint Security and Response shouldn’t be ignored appeared first on Cybersecurity Insiders.

The content of this post is solely the responsibility of the author.  AT&T does not adopt or endorse any of the views, positions, or information provided by the author in this article. 

Integrating Cybersecurity in UX design

The digital landscape has ensured a wider range of businesses has access to a truly global marketplace. On one hand, this helps bolster a thriving entrepreneurial ecosystem. However, it also means there is a significant amount of competition. If your company’s website or mobile application doesn’t provide a stellar user experience (UX), consumers are able and willing to go elsewhere.

Yet, in the online environment, UX is not your only consideration. There are various threats your business and consumers face from cyber criminals. Therefore, when developing your online tools, you need to adopt effective protections. Unfortunately, many businesses struggle with implementing strong security that doesn’t also disrupt the UX.

Your best approach here is usually to integrate cybersecurity with UX design. So, let’s explore why and how you can achieve this.

How are UX and Cybersecurity related?

One of the mistakes too many businesses make is assuming that UX and cybersecurity are separate aspects of the digital infrastructure. They can certainly have independent intentions to an extent with different goals and actions to achieve these goals. Yet, understanding how they are closely related is the first step to effective integration.

In some ways one can’t — or, at least, shouldn’t — exist without the other. A good example of this is the application of web design in high-stakes sectors, like telehealth care. There are two core types of telehealth services; asynchronous care and synchronous (live) care. While there is a difference here in how patients interact with the medical professional, both types involve the collection and storage of sensitive data. It’s certainly important from a UX perspective to make both asynchronous and live processes as simple and convenient as possible for patients. Yet, this simplicity shouldn’t sacrifice the security of the data.

Clear and strong security protocols give consumers confidence in the system and the company they’re interacting with. This applies to not just healthcare industries but also eCommerce, education, and supply chain sectors, among others. Similarly, consumers may be more likely to adopt more secure behaviors if they can see how it feeds into the convenience and enjoyment of their experience. This means that the UX development process must involve security considerations from the ground up, rather than as an afterthought.

How can you plan effectively?

As with any project, planning is essential to the successful integration of cybersecurity and UX design. An improvisatory approach that involves tacking security or UX elements onto your site or app doesn’t result in a strong development. Wherever possible, your best route is to bring both the UX departments and cybersecurity professionals together in the planning process from the outset. Each department will have insights into one another’s challenges that benefit the project as a whole.

Another key part of your planning process is researching and analyzing your users’ behavior concerning the types of online tools you’re developing. Work with business analytics professionals to understand in what ways security factors into your target demographic’s preferred online experiences. Review what the common security behavior challenges are with your consumers and what experiential elements prevent them from implementing safe actions. This then enables you to create the most apt UX and security arrangements to meet your consumers’ needs.

Importantly, your team needs to plan with balance in mind. They need to make certain that as far as possible, security doesn’t interfere with UX and vice versa. For instance, you may be able to design multiple layers of encryption that require minimal user interaction to activate. Whatever you approach, you must build thorough testing into the planning process. This shouldn’t just be to review efficacy and strength, but also to establish whether there are imbalances that need to be corrected.

What tools can you use?

You should bear in mind that integrating UX and cybersecurity isn’t just a case of developing a unique site or app. Finding this balance is a challenge that businesses have been seeking to address throughout the rise of our digital landscape. This means that there are some existing tools that you can incorporate into your more tailored approach.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly popular here. Even small businesses can access AI tools that take care of many elements of a website and mobile application development. These tools not only save companies time in coding, but they can also make more secure sites by mitigating the potential for human error. Indeed, AI-driven security monitoring software can scan networks in real-time, responding to threats quickly and effectively without disturbing the user experience.

Aside from AI, adopting a single sign-in, multi-factor authentication is a common tool to adopt. This approach provides maximum security by requiring users to authenticate using more than one device. However, it's important not to disrupt the user flow by ensuring this is a one-time action that allows them to access various aspects of your online space. You should require further authentication only when they navigate away from the site, utilize a new device, or attempt purchases over a certain threshold.

Conclusion

Integrating UX and cybersecurity is not always easy. It’s important to understand that these elements need to coexist to achieve the most positive outcomes. From here, thorough planning that involves collaboration from both security and UX professionals is key to achieving a good balance. Remember that tools like AI and multi-factor authentication can bolster your ability to create a safe service that users enjoy interacting with.

The post Integrating Cybersecurity in UX design appeared first on Cybersecurity Insiders.

In today's world, cybersecurity is an ever-growing concern for businesses. With the rising threat of cyber threats and data breaches, it can be difficult for companies to keep up with the latest security technologies and stay ahead of the curve. Managed Security Services Providers (MSSPs) provide comprehensive security solutions to clients. They offer various services, from monitoring and threat intelligence to incident response. MSSPs are ideal for businesses looking for an all-in-one security solution tailored to their specific needs. MSSPs offer a wide range of services to help protect businesses from cyber threats. Here are some initiatives that MSSPs should consider when looking to help customers in 2023.

Making Zero Trust attainable

As the global landscape continues to test our resiliency, staying focused on a security-first mindset is critical. Organizations must consider the most significant risks and take a proactive approach to address cyber risk concerns. This means assessing the current state of their cybersecurity, understanding their attack surface, and rethinking their security strategy with a Zero Trust model. By taking a risk-based approach to vulnerability management, implementing cloud security measures, and developing third-party risk management solutions, organizations can ensure they are prepared to adapt to the ever-changing digital landscape and remain resilient in the face of cyber threats.

The traditional perimeter as we know it is no longer viable due to the shift to remote and hybrid working. To keep our networks secure, Zero Trust architecture is essential. Zero Trust reduces the risk of security breaches by authenticating and authorizing every person and system before granting access. Nowadays, the security industry is figuring out how to apply Zero Trust practically. Established companies are using the term Zero Trust in their product portfolios to capitalize on the opportunity. Ultimately, Zero Trust will become more prominent with measurable results.

Risk-Based vulnerability management

Managing vulnerabilities inside your environment are challenging. New attack vectors for threat actors to breach your network are identified daily. Organizationally, the attack surface is constantly changing due to IT device and platform lifecycle issues, changing operational priorities, and the adoption of emerging technologies. With every change comes the risk that a new flaw or configuration issue will provide a threat actor with the final link in their attack chain, resulting in an impact on your users, operations, and customers.

Your network is expanding in the traditional sense and with the ever-increasing role of endpoints, devices, and the Internet of Things. Each year you see the amount of data multiply exponentially, the threat of attacks become more sophisticated, and the challenge of minimizing risk and optimizing operations grow more challenging. It can feel like a never-ending battle, yet identifying, prioritizing, and managing vulnerabilities through remediation is not only possible—it can be simple.

Vulnerability management is an established function of information security, but with technology configurations constantly evolving and cloud and container infrastructure expanding, the complexities of vulnerability management persist. Today's best vulnerability management platforms have been designed with visibility, remediation automation, and improved vulnerability prioritization.

Vulnerability and patch management are essential for any organization, as is the need for risk reduction. With the right risk reduction strategy, organizations can improve their cyber resilience and reduce their risk. To help ensure that organizations keep their IT infrastructure up-to-date and secure, they should focus on strengthening the fundamentals of vulnerability and patch management, risk reduction, and Managed Extended Detection and Response (MXDR). By implementing these strategies, organizations can reduce risk and improve security posture.

Security Mesh, Zero Trust, and SASE (Secure Access Service Edge)

These are three technology trends converging to allow organizations to consolidate and optimize their Zero Trust initiatives. Security Mesh provides a cloud-based fabric that enables organizations to connect to users, applications, and data in a secure and unified fashion. Zero Trust is a security model that eliminates the concept of trust assumptions based on internal network boundaries.

And SASE is a cloud-delivered service that combines network and security functions, including secure access, cloud security, and network security, into a single integrated solution. These technologies can be used together to reduce complexity and help organizations to implement their Zero Trust strategies quickly and effectively. By consolidating and optimizing Zero Trust initiatives, organizations can gain the security, agility, and scalability needed to accelerate their digital transformation.

The biggest challenge for SASE adoption is the split decision between networking and security components. While the two technologies have their strengths and weaknesses, their integration is the most critical factor for successful SASE deployments. Enterprises need to evaluate both solutions' performance, scalability, scalability, reliability, and cost to determine which is best suited for their needs. Additionally, at the same time, they need to consider the synergies between both solutions to make sure that the combination of them will yield the best results. The primary benefit of SASE is the integration of networking and security services, which simplifies the provisioning and maintenance of both solutions.

Additionally, the service provider can offer more tailored solutions to its customers, allowing them to customize their SASE deployments to meet their specific needs. This makes the solution more attractive to enterprises and increases the likelihood of adoption. Ultimately, the split decision between networking and security components is a challenge that SASE must overcome to remain relevant in the future. Enterprises need to weigh both solutions' pros and cons and ensure they invest in the right technologies. By doing so, they can ensure that they get the most out of their SASE deployments and guarantee that their solutions remain up-to-date and secure.

Cyber Resilience

As MSSPs look to offer a Cyber Resilience service that leverages expertise to enhance protection, detection, and response capabilities while driving an organization's ability to recover in the event of a malicious attack rapidly. MSSPs can help shift an organization's model from reactive to proactive, helping the team prepare for potential cyberattacks by implementing a resilience model. This end-to-end service capability helps reduces risk holistically and supports an organization's ability to identify, protect, detect, respond, and recover from malicious activity. Cyber Resilience service is a customized strategy to enhance your current people, processes, and technology based on comprehensive strategic and tactical evaluations across an enterprise.

The post Building blocks for Cyber resilience:  MSSPs can lead the way appeared first on Cybersecurity Insiders.

The content of this post is solely the responsibility of the author.  AT&T does not adopt or endorse any of the views, positions, or information provided by the author in this article. 

More and more, people are completing the entire real estate transaction process online. From searching for properties to signing documents, online convenience can make the process easier and more efficient. However, with all of this activity taking place on the internet, it is important to be aware of the potential security risks that come along with it. Here are the eight common cybersecurity issues that can arise during the purchase of real estate online and how you can protect yourself against them.

1. Cybercrime

This is, unfortunately, the world we live in – and it makes sense, given the large sums of money involved. Cybercriminals may attempt to hack into the system and gain access to private information. They may even try to interfere with the transaction process itself, delaying or preventing it from taking place at all.

To combat this threat, make sure you are using a secure online platform when completing the transaction and be sure to only provide personal information when necessary.

When you are completing a real estate transaction online, a lot of your personal information will be requested. This can include anything from your address and phone number to your bank account information. If this information is not properly secured, it could be at risk of being accessed by cybercriminals.

To keep yourself safe, it is important to know what to look out for. You should watch for the commonly attempted ways that remote real estate buyers might be targeted and understand what you should do in the event of a breach.

2. Data breaches

Buying real estate remotely involves a number of different tools, like online payment gateways and other web services. All of these tools can be vulnerable to data breaches, which means that hackers could gain access to your personal information stored on their servers. To protect yourself, research a service’s security standards before providing any sensitive information or look for an alternative if the security measures are inadequate.

Always make sure you are observing best practices during and after an online purchase, which include doing things like updating your passwords as appropriate and monitoring your credit cards for any suspicious activity. By following these tips, you can help ensure that your online real estate transaction is secure.

3.  Phishing scams

These are attempts to obtain your personal information by pretending to be a legitimate source and they are on the rise. Be sure to only provide your information on secure websites and look for signs of legitimacy, such as “https” in the web address or a padlock icon in the URL bar.

Phishing scams that target real estate buyers might include emails, text messages, and voicemails asking you to provide your credit card details or other personal information to make a purchase. Make sure to always look for signs of legitimacy before providing any sensitive information.

They might also include bogus emails from lawyers or other professionals with malicious links or attachments. Be sure to only open emails from verified sources and never click on suspicious links.

4. Malware threats

Malicious software can be used to steal your personal information, such as banking credentials and passwords, or to install ransomware that locks you out from accessing your own files. To protect yourself from malware, make sure to install trusted antivirus and anti-malware software on your computer. Additionally, make sure to always keep your operating system up to date with the latest security patches.

5. Identity theft

Identity theft is a growing problem online and can be especially dangerous for real estate buyers. Hackers may use stolen information to gain access to your bank accounts or other financial resources, making it important to protect all your personal information from potential thieves. Make sure to use secure passwords, avoid public Wi-Fi networks, and never provide sensitive information over email.

This is especially pressing in an age where people are so much more mobile and global than they ever have been. Real estate transactions can be conducted from airports, coffee shops and all manner of unsecured wireless networks, which demands extra vigilance when it comes to cybersecurity.

6. Website hacking

Hackers can also gain access to websites and steal information stored on them, including user data. To protect yourself from website hacking, make sure that the websites you use have strong security protocols in place. Additionally, look for signs of legitimacy such as a padlock icon in the URL bar and verify any third-party links or attachments before clicking on them.

If you are dealing with a real estate agent that uses a website, make sure it is secure and they have taken proper precautions to protect your data.

7. Social engineering attacks

Social engineering attacks are when hackers use psychological tactics to get you to reveal confidential information or take some sort of action. For example, they may send fraudulent emails that appear to come from a real estate agent asking for your personal details or credit card numbers. Make sure to always verify the source of any emails before taking any action.

The best way to identify a social engineering attack is to look for suspicious language, attachments, or links in the email. If anything looks out of the ordinary, it's best to delete the message and report it to your security provider.

You can always take extra steps to protect yourself, like using two-factor authentication when logging into accounts or working with a cybersecurity professional. By staying vigilant and taking proactive measures, you can help ensure that your online real estate transactions are secure.

8. Having weak passwords

Another common cybersecurity issue is having weak passwords. Make sure to use strong passwords when creating any accounts associated with your real estate purchase. You should also change your passwords on a regular basis and never reuse old passwords or share them with anyone else.

Using a password manager can also help you keep track of all your different passwords and store them in a secure place. If you're dealing with an agent, ask them to use strong passwords as well, and make sure that they keep all of your personal information safe.

Conclusion

Real estate transactions are increasingly taking place online, which can create potential security risks if proper precautions aren't taken. By following best practices and being aware of the common cybersecurity issues associated with purchasing real estate online, you can help ensure that your transaction is secure. With a bit of extra effort and knowledge, you can rest assured knowing that your online property purchases are safe and secure.

The post 8 Common Cybersecurity issues when purchasing real estate online: and how to handle them appeared first on Cybersecurity Insiders.

The content of this post is solely the responsibility of the author.  AT&T does not adopt or endorse any of the views, positions, or information provided by the author in this article. 

Recent trends show that car dealerships are becoming a prime target for cyber-attacks, partly due to the rise in autonomous and connected vehicles. This is in addition to more traditional attacks such as phishing. Therefore, car dealerships are urged to take measures to improve their cybersecurity. 

Throughout this article, we will focus on how to protect your car dealership from cyber-attacks, from technological solutions to raising staff awareness, and more. 

Why are car dealerships being targeted by cybercriminals?

Car dealerships collect a significant amount of data which is often stored on-site. This data includes things such as names, addresses, email addresses, phone numbers, and perhaps more importantly, financial information such as bank details and social security numbers. Gaining access to this database can be very lucrative for criminals. 

According to the Second Annual Global State of Cybersecurity Report by CDK Global in late 2022, 15% of all auto dealerships surveyed sustained a cyberattack that year, with 85% of the incidents occurring due to phishing specifically. The report also found that as customers move to a more mobile environment, dealerships will need to secure their desktops and mobile devices to protect against potential cyberattacks.

A cybercriminal’s life is made much easier if a car dealership uses outdated IT infrastructure and lacks sufficient processes in terms of protecting employee login details. 

How are car dealerships vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks?

Before we discuss how to protect your car dealership from a cyber-attack, it is important to know what makes a car dealership vulnerable, and what sort of attacks it could be subjected to. 

• Open Wi-Fi Networks – Many car dealerships have open Wi-Fi networks for their customers to use freely. However, this provides an opportunity for hackers who can potentially access other areas of the network that store sensitive data.
   
• Malware – Malware is possibly the most likely form of cyber-attack, targeting individuals within your organization with malicious email attachments that execute software onto the victim’s device. This software can then grant the attacker remote access to the system.
   
• Phishing – Phishing emails are much more sophisticated than they used to be, appearing much more legitimate, and targeting individuals within the company. If an email seems suspicious or is from an unknown contact, then it is advised to avoid clicking any links.
   
• User error – Unfortunately, anyone working for the car dealership, even the owner, could pose a risk to security. Perhaps using lazy passwords, or not storing log-in details in a safe place. This is why cyber security training is now becoming mandatory at most businesses. 

The consequences of cyber-attacks on car dealerships

If a small-to-medium-sized car dealership is the victim of a cyber-attack, then it can have a much bigger impact than just a short-term financial loss. Some smaller businesses that suffer a data breach may go out of business after such an event, losing the trust of their customer base, and failing to recover from the financial impact.

Research suggests that most consumers would not purchase a car from a dealership that has had a security breach in the past. Failing to prevent a cyber-attack and a criminal from gaining access to customer information is extremely detrimental to a business’s public image. 

How to protect your car dealership from cyber-attacks

Regardless of whether you already have security measures in place, it is always advised to assess how they can be improved and constantly be on the lookout for vulnerabilities within the organization. 

In this section, we will discuss how to improve cybersecurity within a car dealership, breaking down the process into three key stages. 

Stage one – Implementing foundational security

Establishing strong foundational security is key to the long-term protection of your business. When creating your foundational security strategy you should focus on seven main areas.

1. User permissions 

Ensure administrative access is only provided to users who need it as granting unnecessary permissions to standard users creates numerous vulnerabilities. Ensure that only the IT administrator can install new software and access secure areas. 

2. Multi-factor authentication 

Multi-factor authentication means more than just a traditional username and password system. Once the log-in details have been entered, users will also need to enter a PIN that can be randomly generated on their mobile phone, or issued periodically by the administrator.

For added protection, you could also implement a zero-trust strategy. 

3. Data backup recovery processes

The effects of ransomware attacks can be sometimes avoided if important files are regularly backed up, such as each morning. Once stored, there should also be procedures in place to quickly restore this data to minimize any downtime. 

4. Firewalls and other security software

Many car dealerships continue to use older firewall software and outdated security services. Newer, next-generation firewalls offer much more protection, securing even the deepest areas of the network while being more effective at identifying threats. 

5. Endpoint protection 

The endpoint refers to a user’s mobile device or computer that may be targeted by attacks such as phishing emails. Endpoint protection can help secure these devices, identifying malware and preventing it from spreading to other parts of the network.

As part of modernization efforts, some businesses are choosing to protect their phone systems by using a cloud solution.

6. Email gateways

Similar to the above, email and web scanning software is essential to protect data and business operations. This can identify threats and warn the user to prevent them from opening malicious links or opening suspicious attachments. 

7. Email training

Many businesses test their workforce by sending fake phishing emails to see how employees respond. If the correct actions are not taken, then the individual can be given cyber security training to raise their awareness so that they take appropriate action in the future. 

Stage two – security processes

Once all of the above has been assessed and the necessary course of action has been taken, it is time to think about the critical security processes that need to be implemented. These are vulnerability management, incident response, and training. 

1. Vulnerability management 

Firstly, an inventory of your assets (software and devices) needs to take place so you know what needs to be protected. Once this has been done, all software should be checked to determine if it has been patched with the latest update. 

Finally, vulnerability scans should be run on a monthly or quarterly basis. This can be done via penetration testing or an internal network scan. 

2. Incident response

Policies should be drafted in the case of an incident or data breach so the correct course of action can be taken in terms of contacting the necessary parties. Numerous people should also be trained to respond to an incident should a key individual, such as the IT manager not be present. 

Network analysis needs to take place immediately after an incident, whether this is in-house or externally. This is necessary for insurance purposes.

3. Training

Cybersecurity and Acceptable Use policies need to be created so everyone knows what needs to be done in the event of a breach and what their responsibilities are. This can be combined with thorough security training to increase awareness. 

Stage three – ongoing security activities

To ensure your business is protected at all times, it is vital that your IT team is on top of things and you do not rest on automated tasks and policies. 

Key activities include:

• Using an encrypted email solution
• Employing a VPN for remote workers to encrypt the connection
• Mobile device security, management, and protection 
• On-going monitoring, risk assessments, and sticking to best practices

Protecting your car dealerships from Cyber-attacks – summary

According to October, 2022 research from CDK Global, car dealerships are being targeted by cybercriminals who see them as an opportunity to steal sensitive information and financial details. This can be done in multiple ways including phishing scams and malware.

To tackle this, car dealerships should focus on three key areas: the business’ foundational security, implementing security processes, and performing key security activities on an ongoing basis.

The post How to protect your car dealership from cyber-attacks appeared first on Cybersecurity Insiders.

NTDLL.dll API hooking is a technique used by anti-malware engines to detect and flag suspicious processes on Windows by monitoring APIs that are known to be abused by threat actors. The method involves using assembly instructions to invoke the necessary Windows API function to allocate memory and inject arbitrary shellcode into that location via process hollowing. GuLoader's “redundant code injection mechanism” is designed to avoid these NTDLL.dll hooks, making it more difficult for EDR solutions to detect and flag the malware.

One of the ways that GuLoader evades detection is through its use of legitimate websites and services such as C2 servers. This means that it uses websites that are not known to be malicious as a means of communicating with its command-and-control (C2) center. This can make it difficult for security researchers to identify the C2 servers being used by the malware, as they are not typically flagged as malicious.

Also, GuLoader has also been observed using JavaScript malware strain RATDispenser to drop the malware via a Base64-encoded VBScript dropper. This allows the malware to bypass security measures and gain access to infected systems.

About Perimeterwatch

The post GuLoader – a highly effective and versatile malware that can evade detection appeared first on Cybersecurity Insiders.

Stories from the SOC is a blog series that describes recent real-world security incident investigations conducted and reported by the AT&T SOC analyst team for AT&T Managed Extended Detection and Response customers.

Executive summary

As we move towards more automation, we should remember the risk of over-automating, or at least make a conscious decision to accept the risks. This is especially important in automating response actions, which left unchecked could wreak havoc with day-to-day business operations.

The alarm

One evening after normal business hours, an alarm came in indicating a software package attempting to execute on a server was auto-mitigated by SentinelOne. The software package was behaving in a way that was taken as attempting to evade detection by the SentinelOne agent and therefore rated as “Malicious” by the SentinelOne Artificial Intelligence logic. Since the server on which the software package was attempting to execute had a “Protect” policy applied, the auto-mitigation steps for a dynamically detected “Malicious” rating included killing and quarantining the process.

A “policy” setting in SentinelOne is the defined level of automated response activity the endpoint detection and response tool (EDR) has permission to perform for each grouping of assets. Whereas a “Detect” policy will create an alert that can be managed for post-investigation response actions, a policy setting of “Protect” will take automated response actions. The intrusion level of those automated response actions can be customized, but they all perform an automated action without a person looking at the situation first.

The below image is for an alarm for malware which ended up being process automation software

but nonetheless was automitigated (process killed) by SentinelOne as shown in the log excerpt below.

The business impact

The next morning, with business hours back in full swing, the customer reached out to us concerned about the result of the automated response action. The customer stated that the software package is a critical part of their business infrastructure and should never be stopped from executing. The software had been running on that same server the prior several months, since entering SOC monitoring.

The customer questioned why after several months with the SentinelOne agent running on the server did the agent suddenly believe the software package was malicious. We were not able the answer the question specifically since the decision-making behind identifying and rating a process as “Malicious” versus “Suspicious” or benign is a proprietary logic.

What we could state is that any EDR solution worth its price will continually update indicator of compromise (IOC) signatures. Any worthwhile EDR solution will also include not only static detection but also behavior-based dynamic detection. In the case of SentinelOne, there is the pre-execution behavior analysis that allows for process termination pre-execution as well. And of course, any software package run on a server is subject to updates for security, efficiency, or product feature upgrades.

Taken as a whole, it means any endpoint being protected is a very dynamic battleground with the potential for an updated software package that did not trigger IOC rules yesterday triggering tehm today. Or a non-updated software package may suddenly be identified as potently malicious due to updated machine learning IOC behavior analysis. Remember when JNDI calls were considered benign?

Lessons learned

Just as we learn the CIA security triad is a balancing act between confidentiality, integrity and availability, there is a balance to be struck between the use of immediate automated response actions and the slower reasoning of human evaluation prior to response actions. An EDR solution will immediately and infallibly carry out the policy which it has been programmed to implement, but in a ruthless fashion. A human evaluation will take longer, but it can consider prior history, the validity of the triggering IOCs in context, and the nuances of how selecting one response action over another might impact your overall business.

Automation, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and the like have their place. Their benefits will no doubt increase as technology develops. But the human component will always be necessary. The MXDR SOC and our customers (being the humans that we are) must work together to define the critical assets and business processes that should never be touched by automated intrusion. We must also work together to find the space in your environment where those swift and ruthless automated response actions are an advantage. And it is a very human decision to conclude how much risk we can tolerate in each implementation.

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Some of the biggest prevailing challenges in the cybersecurity world over the last year have been those revolving around securing the software supply chain across the enterprise. The software that enterprises build for internal use and external consumption by their customers is increasingly made up of third-party components and code that can put applications at risk if they aren't properly secured.

It's a problem that cuts across every industry, but manufacturers are feeling it especially acutely because they're tasked with securing not only the software supply chain but the physical supply chain as well. It's a very layered risk issue for manufacturers for two big reasons.

First of all, the things that manufacturers produce today are increasingly connected and more software dependent than ever before. They depend on a host of specialized silicon and digital components that are invariably produced by third-party manufactures themselves, creating a nested chain of third-, fourth-, and Nth-party dependencies that are difficult to track, let alone manage risk against.

Secondly, the factory floor itself is a part of the supply chain that is becoming more intricately converged with the IT network and which is highly dependent on third-party equipment, software, and remote connections.

Given these factors, it becomes clear that managing cybersecurity risk across the supply chain will require manufacturers to carefully attend to the risk brought to the table by their third-party suppliers and contractors. And on the flip side, many manufacturers who provide components to clients who are also manufacturers must stay vigilant as security standards rise for what it takes to get their products in the door elsewhere.

“As I've been doing in-depth interviews for our AT&T Cybersecurity Insights Report and also doing customer calls, one of the things I've observed about manufacturers in the supply chain is that even when they're smaller—say, 50- to 100-person shops—they're still saying, 'Security is critical to us,'” says Theresa Lanowitz, security evangelist for AT&T. “They know they need to be doing everything they can to abide by their customers' security guidelines, external rules and regulations, and mitigating the risk required to keep the entire supply chain secure.”

It's an issue that cybersecurity experts at AT&T like Lanowitz and those at Palo Alto Networks have increasingly been collaborating on to help manufacturing customers address across their organizations. The following are some tips they recommend for manufacturers managing third-party cyber risk in the supply chain.

Risk scores and signals matter

Because digital components and hardware are so woven into the products that supply chain providers deliver to their manufacturing clients, risk scores and signals matter more than ever. According to Dharminder Debisarun, worldwide industry security architect for manufacturing, Internet of Things and transport at Palo Alto Networks, it's up to companies determine what their risk appetite is for their providers—depending especially on what they're delivering to the supply chain—and start finding ways to get transparency into that.

“Ask yourself, 'What's our risk appetite for suppliers that we work with?'” he says. “You want to know that before you engage with them. Then there needs to be some kind of framework or certification that says 'Hey, this company is secure enough to do business with’.”

He says some governments have provided that kind of grounding—for example in Germany the automotive industry relies on the TISAX certification to prove out baseline security proficiency. Barring that, the growing world of third-party risk management monitoring is another place to start getting transparency. Ultimately, the goal is to do third-party screening of every bit of coding or connectivity delivered by suppliers into a manufacturer's supply chain or production streams.

Supplier contracts need to account for cyber risk

Even more important, says Debisarun is that manufacturers ensure that their cyber security standards are enforced contractually.

“You can only work this out contractually. You need to have cybersecurity and cyber risk requirements embedded into all the supplier contracts you put in place,” he says. “It's something manufacturers should really consider doing.”

Some of the things that should be enforced include disclosure of big security incidents or material software vulnerabilities, how remote access is established and maintained between supplier and manufacturer, how and when security audits or certifications are provided, and so on.

Managing third-party risk on the factory floor

Meantime, because the actual manufacturing capability of organizations is so intertwined with third parties, managing factory floor vendors securely is crucial. Debisarun explains that the assembly line floor today is almost never managed by the manufacturer itself.

“It's going to be an assembly line floor run by Siemens or Rockwell or ABB. And when these assembly lines are delivered by these giants of the manufacturer ecosystem, they will never allow the customer to do maintenance on that assembly line,” he says, explaining that big vendors contractually require that they handle the maintenance on this equipment.

In most cases, this requires remote access—especially now in this post-COVID world.

“At which point the manufacturer is flying blind,” he says.

This highlights the importance of setting up mitigating controls like secure remote access and Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) architecture that creates a pathway for the manufacturer to at least control the traffic in their network. At the core of SASE is Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA 2.0) which combines fine-grained, least-privileged access with continuous trust verification and deep, ongoing security inspection to protect all users, devices, apps, and data everywhere – all from a simple unified product. This is an integral and oft-forgotten part of managing third-party risk in the manufacturing world.

Architect and collaborate – with resilience top-of-mind

Finally, organizations should be architecting their supply chain and coordinating their vendor management to keep cyber resilience top-of-mind. According to Lanowitz, the key is remembering the concept of eliminating 'single points of failure.'

“If you are a major car manufacturer, for example, and you're using tiny suppliers to help you build out your cars, you want to make sure that if they go out of business, if there's a fire in their plant, or their operations are interrupted by ransomware, you're not going to need to stop your assembly line waiting for them,” she says.

Debisarun agrees, explaining that every manufacturer should have a plan B and C for when cybersecurity events at suppliers create downstream impact.

“If one supplier breached, how long should you wait to it's resolved?” And that basically comes back to the contracts you are signing—the plan needs to be built into that so you aren't dependent on one supplier's readiness to handle a cyber event or a physical event,” he says.

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The content of this post is solely the responsibility of the author.  AT&T does not adopt or endorse any of the views, positions, or information provided by the author in this article. 

A radius server uses a network protocol for remote user authentication and authorization. It is a client/server protocol that allows a remote user to access a network using a shared secret (usually a password). RADIUS servers are typically located on the perimeter of a network and use port 1812 (UDP) or 1645/1813 (TCP).

RADIUS was originally developed by Livingston Enterprises, Inc. in 1991. It is now an IETF standard (RFC 2865). The following are the most important things to know about RADIUS server authentication.

•  RADIUS is a remote authentication dial-in user service

It was developed to provide centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting management for networked devices such as routers and switches.

What does dial-in refer to here? Dial-in is a type of authentication that allows a user to connect to a network remotely using a phone line or other connection. RADIUS servers are used to manage user access to a network. They can be used to control who can access the network, what services they can use, and how much bandwidth they can consume.

•  RADIUS is an alternative to TACACS and is often used in conjunction with TACACS+ for authentication and authorization

The reason for this is that RADIUS is typically used for remote access, while TACACS+ is usually used for device administration. While both protocols can be used for both purposes, RADIUS is usually the preferred protocol for remote access.

•  A RADIUS server typically uses UDP port 1812 (or TCP port 1645/1813) to communicate with clients

RADIUS servers typically listen on UDP port 1812 (or TCP port 1645/1813). When a RADIUS client sends a request to the server, it includes the secret key in the request. The server uses this key to authenticate the client and authorize the request.

RADIUS is a client/server protocol, which means that each RADIUS client must have a corresponding RADIUS server. A RADIUS client is typically a network device such as a router or switch. A RADIUS server is a computer that runs the RADIUS software and manages user access to the network.

What this means is that for a user to be able to access the network, they must first authenticate with the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server then authorizes the user's access to the network and controls what services they can use.

•  RADIUS uses a client/server architecture

The RADIUS server is responsible for authenticating users and maintaining their account information, while the RADIUS client is typically a network device that forwards authentication requests to the server. The reason this distinction matters is that it allows the server to be centrally located and managed, while the clients can be distributed throughout the network. This architecture also makes it possible for the server to authenticate users against multiple databases, such as an LDAP server or a local file.

The implications of this are that if the server goes down, the entire network will be unavailable to users. This is why it is important to have redundant RADIUS servers in a production environment.

•  A RADIUS server can authenticate users against multiple databases

RADIUS supports multiple authentication methods, including PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP, and EAP. PAP is the simplest authentication method and sends the username and password in clear text. CHAP encrypts the password but sends it over the network in plain text. MS-CHAP encrypts both the username and password. EAP is a more secure authentication method that uses digital certificates.

•  RADIUS uses UDP for transport

RADIUS uses UDP as its transport protocol. UDP is a connectionless protocol, which means that each packet is sent independently and does not require a connection to be established beforehand. This makes RADIUS very scalable, as it can support a large number of clients without requiring a lot of resources on the server.

It matters that RADIUS uses UDP for transport because UDP is a less reliable protocol than TCP. This means that RADIUS packets can be dropped or lost in transit. However, this is usually not a problem because RADIUS uses retransmission and error checking to ensure that packets are delivered reliably.

•  The RADIUS server must have a shared secret with the clients

The RADIUS server and clients must have a shared secret, which is used to encrypt and decrypt packets. This shared secret is typically a password or phrase that is known only to the server and clients. Without the shared secret, an attacker would not be able to read or modify the packets being exchanged between the server and clients.

•  RADIUS uses Access-Request and Access-Accept packets

When a client sends an authentication request to a RADIUS server, it does so using an Access-Request packet. The server then responds with an Access-Accept or Access-Reject packet, depending on whether the authentication was successful. If the authentication was successful, the server will also include an Access-Challenge packet, which contains a challenge that the client must answer to prove its identity.

•  RADIUS can be used for AAA

RADIUS can be used for AAA, which stands for Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting. Authentication is the process of verifying a user's identity, authorization is the process of determining what resources a user is allowed to access, and accounting is the process of tracking and billing for a user's usage.

AAA is a common security model that is used to control access to network resources.

•  RADIUS is standardized by the IETF

RADIUS is a standards-based protocol, which means that it is defined by an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) specification. The most recent version of the RADIUS specification is RFC 2865, which was published in June 2000.

•  RADIUS is commonly used by ISPs

RADIUS is commonly used by Internet service providers (ISPs) to authenticate and authorize users who are trying to access the internet. RADIUS is also used by corporate networks to authenticate and authorize users who are trying to access the network.

•  There are a few different RADIUS implementations

There are a few different RADIUS implementations, including FreeRADIUS, Microsoft NPS, and Cisco ACS. FreeRADIUS is the most popular open-source RADIUS server. Microsoft NPS is the RADIUS server included in Windows Server. Cisco ACS is a commercial RADIUS server from Cisco Systems.

Conclusion

These are the most important things to know about RADIUS server authentication. RADIUS is a critical part of many network security systems, and understanding how it works is essential for anyone who is responsible for managing a network.

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Read the previous blog on Governance of Zero Trust in manufacturing in the series here.

Manufacturers are some of the most ambitious firms on the planet when it comes to harnessing the power of edge technology to modernize their businesses. As they make plans in 2023 to  enhance business outcomes through the use of technologies such as 5G and IoT, manufacturers should also increasingly be called to innovate in the spheres of governance and cyber risk management.

OT-IT convergence drives manufacturing modernization

The convergence of operational technology (OT) on the factory floor with information technology (IT) is nearly synonymous with manufacturing modernization. OT-IT convergence enables new digital processes, remote connections, and smarter operations. It's a business outcome-oriented transformation that executive stakeholders have future success pinned upon.

Recent studies from AT&T show that manufacturers are investing in initiatives  such as smart warehousing, transportation optimization and video-based quality inspection at such a rate that the industry is advancing ahead of energy, finance, and healthcare verticals when it comes to edge adoption today.

But to reap the business benefits from these investments, manufacturers need to recognize and attend to the cyber risk realities that are part and parcel with this inevitable convergence.

Cybercriminals are increasingly targeting industrial control system (ICS) technologies that are the bedrock of the OT ecosystems. Attackers have learned to take advantage of ICS hyperconnectivity and convergence with the IT realm to great effect. Last year's warning from the federal Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) attests to this, as do high-profile attacks last year against tire manufacturers, wind turbine producers, steel companies, car manufacturers, and more.

Reducing risk through Zero Trust

One of the most promising ways that manufacturers can begin to reduce the risk of these kinds of attacks is through the controls afforded by a Zero Trust architecture. From a technical perspective, Zero Trust unifies endpoint security technology, user, or system authentication, and network security enforcement to prevent unrestrained access to OT or IT networks—and reduce the risk of unchecked lateral movement by attackers. With Zero Trust, access is granted conditionally based on the risk level of users (or machines, or applications). It's a simple, elegant concept that requires careful execution to carry out.

Thus, when looking at building a zero-trust strategy, ZTNA 2.0 solutions have a role to play in helping apply more effective controls at the application level that are responsive to account takeover attempts. ZTNA 2.0 combines fine-grained, least- privileged access with continuous trust verification and deep, ongoing security inspection to protect all users, devices, apps, and data everywhere – all from a simple unified product.

Most importantly, too, is that Zero Trust requires business stakeholder input and collaboration to get right. Just as business stakeholders in manufacturing drive the push to the edge and the push for all nature of digital transformation and OT-IT convergence, they've got to be intimately involved with Zero Trust initiatives to spur success.

“Technology can come and go, but what manufacturers are really after are business outcomes,” says Theresa Lanowitz,  head of cybersecurity evangelism for AT&T. “That's where we need to focus when it comes to Zero Trust—at its core it needs to be driven by the business, which really sets the North Star for Zero Trust governance.”

Zero Trust should be owned by business stakeholders

At the end of the day, Zero Trust projects should be owned by the business, agrees Dharminder Debisarun, worldwide industry security architect for manufacturing, Internet of Things and transport at Palo Alto Networks, who says that when his group is approached by manufacturers interested in building out Zero Trust infrastructure, the team always turns conversations back to the business basics.

“People bring us in and say 'We want to do Zero Trust, how can you help?'” Debisarun says, explaining that they're usually starting with very technical deployment questions about elements like Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) and remote access management. “We usually take a step back then and ask, 'Why do you want to do Zero Trust? What's the business goal for it?'”

Similarly, Debisarun says they try to involve business stakeholders into collaborative risk discussions before getting into the meat of architectural design. That step back will hopefully get a manufacturer focused on doing risk assessments and other business alignment activities that will shape the way risk is managed—based on business goals, rather than narrow technical specifications. It will also get the entire team thinking about how the value of OT and IT assets are determined and establish the roadmap for where and how Zero Trust security technologies are deployed over time.

Business stakeholders have the most prescient and intimate knowledge of the emerging business conditions, regulatory demands, partnership agreements, and supply chain considerations that are going to impact risk calculations. This is why business ownership is the cornerstone and foundation for Zero Trust governance.

When manufacturers direct the security team with an eye toward  business outcomes, these technical executors are less likely to take a tools-only approach to technology acquisition to engage in reactionary spending based on the latest breach headlines. Incremental improvements will be built up around security controls that manage risk to the most critical operational processes first, and also around the processes and systems most put at risk by new innovations and business models.

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